East Asian Persian Chart

Political

• China was led by the Ming then Qing dynasties in the Early modern period

• Japan was under the Tokugawa Shogunate

• Japan had about 120 feudal states each with Daimyos and Samurai

• China was still an Empire with emphasis on centralization

• China began pushing into Western and South Asia

Tokugawa Daimyo

Emperor Xuangzong of the Ming Dyasty

Economic:

• Chinas growing market was based on Europe’s need for materials

• The Ming dynasty brought into contact European markets

• Greatest Chinese economic expansion

• Silver trade: most of the worlds silver production rushed into china

• Japan mainly did not export they only manufactured what Japan needed

• The Naban Trade period allowed for Japan a taste of European markets but was quickly eroded through seclusion acts

Known Japanese Currency taken from Wikipedia

Chinese Silver Bar

Religion

• IN both China and Japan Confucianism held the most influence

• Japan Also had Shintoism which is veneration of spirits

• Daoism prevalent but not important in both societies

• Christian Influence from Europe begins to show up.

• Japan allows for Jesuits to enter but soon kicks them out

• China allows for missionaries to enter but also persecutes them soon after

Shintoist Temple

Society

• Japan Shogun-Daimyo-Samurai-Peasant-Merchant

• China Emperer-Bueracrats-Peasants-Merchant thought merchants were now regarded higher

• Women in China bound feet no official offices sent to concubines or simply were restricited to the house

• Japan was the same except in the years after the early modern Women were the priamary work force in the Textile industry

• Filial Piety in China

• Death before dishonor, service and self sacrifice is what samurai lived by

Photograph of Samurai in full armour

Intellectuals

• Printing and advanced manufactured goods pour out of china

• Porcelein,Silk,tea,gunpowder from china

• 1400’s Zheng He sailed great distances to the surprise of many surpassing European achievements later in the Americas

• China was the leader in many industries such as paper medicine and textiles

• Japan mostly isolated from everyone

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 width="246" height="388" caption="How paper was made: a Chinese invention"]]

Arts/Architecture

• Japanese buldings contain pointed arches and gateways
• Japanese more oriented to art in detail
• Chinese art contains nature while Japanese does as well but with focus on detail color and people

Examples will be shown below

The Iconic Great Wave was painted in the 1600's

Buddhist MOnk painted this landscape in the 1600's

Near Geographic

• Both Nations in East Asia Separated by the Sea of Japan

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 width="501" height="379" caption="Map of Asia in the 1600s"]]
Made by Daniel Flores
p.5
Sources:
http://www.chaos.umd.edu/history/welcome.html
http://www.shsu.edu/~his_ncp/Japan.html
Ways of the World by Robert W. Strayer
Russia and Eastern Europe





Early Modern: South Asia
Political

• Mughal Empire- was made by Central Asian Muslim warriors. They claimed to be descendants of Chinggis Khan and Timur. This empire created a long interaction phase between Muslims and Hindus.
• India was mostly politically united under the Mughal Empire.
• Akbar- Mughal India’s most famous emperor. He married several Indian princesses, but they didn’t convert to Islam. He gave political and military post to Hindus and supported the building of Hindu temples as well as mosques. He also softened Hindu restrictions on women.
• The ulama (religious scholar) were more restrained.
• Jizya (special tax on non-Muslims) was removed.
• A kind of Indian-Persian-Turkic culture was created by Akbar.
• Aurangzeb (1658-1707)- ruler who reversed Akbar’s legacy. He restored original Islamic law.

Emperor Akbar

Aurangzeb

Map of the Mughal Empire

Economic

• Due to high taxes and non-Muslims, the majority lived in poverty
• Vasco de Gama created a trading route of commerce between Europe and India.
• Indian cottons were in great demand.
• Europeans disliked relying on Muslim merchants and trading networks.
• The Portuguese created trading post in Goa on the west Coast of India by using their military and weaponry advantage.
• Mughal India constantly resisted Portuguese commercial control.
• The English established trading company posts in Bombay, Calcutta, and Mandras. They secured their trading posts with bribes. They focused on Indian cotton textiles.

British East India Company logo

British East India Company flag

Portrait of Vasco de Gama

Religion

• Bhakti- a new devotional form of Hinduism that sought to achieve union with Gods through songs, prayers, dances, poetry and rituals.
• The ruling family and about 20% of the population were Muslims while the rest of the population was Hindu.
• The Mughal Emperor Akbar created his own state cult, a religious faith aimed at the elite, combining aspects of Islam, Hinduism, and Zoroastrianism and emphasizing loyalty to the emperor himself.
• Muslims became displeased with Akbar’s blend of religion and wanted a more authentic Islam.
• Aurangeb brought back original religious policies, causing Hindu and Muslim separation, fragmenting the Mughal Empire.
• Sikhism- founded by Guru Nanak. Became popular in the Punjab region. They keep their hair and beard uncut and wear turbans. They blend Hindu and Muslim elements to form their own religion.

Sikhs picture

Symbol of Sikhism

Painting of Guru Nanak founder of Sikhism

Social

• Arkbar tried to make Muslims and Hindus work together by making some Hindus military and political elite.
• Akbar also tried elevating the social status of women by encouraging the remarriage of widows, discouraging marriage at a young age, and discouraging practices like sati.
• Sati- when a widow followed her husband to death by throwing herself on his funeral pyre. This was a sign of inferiority of women to men.
• The rules Auragzeb imposed on Hindus further divided them socially from Muslims.
• Bhakti appealed to women because is provided an avenue from social criticism.
• Bhakti and Sikhism bridged the divine between Muslims and Hindus.

practice of Sati

Muslim and Hindu children in India

Innovation

• The Scientific Revolution that took place in Europe brought new ways of thinking to people around the world including India.
• Europeans were the center of a massive exchange of information since they knew of land, plants, animals, peoples, societies and religions from around the worlds.
• The philosopher Shayk Ahmad Sirhindi claimed to be the renewer of authentic Islam in his time.
• Bhakti practitioners often wrote religious poems.

Shayk Ahmad Sirhindi

bhakti poem

Arts

• Through songs, prayers, dances, poetry, and rituals, devotees of bhakti sought to find spiritual unity with gods and goddesses.
• Sikhs made colorful manuscript paintings such as the one titled “Guru Nanak”. This painting depicts Guru Nanak, the founder of Sikhism, and his companion Mardana persuading a robber to abandon his ways and follow the Sikh path.

Sikh painting of Guru Nanak

bhakti painting of Indian everyday life

bhakti dance

Near Geographic

• Turkic warriors immigrated from Central Asia to India and conquered to people there.
• India’s latitude and climate allowed them to grow cotton, later accounting for the British Cotton Industry.
• Vasco de Gama, accompanied by the European goods and thinking, moved from Europe and reached India through the Indian Ocean.

Vasco de Gama's journey

Central Asian warrior

South Asian Penninsula

http://www.studyblue.com/notes/note/n/2313-chapter-19-southwest-asia-and-indian-ocean-1500-1750-study-cards/deck/5368774
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00856409608723270
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/248927462_European_seafaring_in_Asia_C.15001750
Ways of the World Textbook

CRISTINA CARREON

Western Europe

Political-

• Europe had control of colonies in the Americas. They used guns, germs, and steel to invade these areas.
• Spain established themselves in the Philippine Islands named after the Spanish King Philip II.
• The Dutch and the English displaced the Portuguese, since they were more politically and military powerful than the Portuguese.
• The British and Dutch East India companies were established and they had trading monopolies, the power to make war, and to govern conquered people.
• The protestant reformation began in 1517.
• The Pope had previously held all the power but that changes during this time, as princes saw opportunities in the Protestant Reformation.
• John Locke provided principles for constructing a constitutional government, a contract between rule and ruled that was created by human ingenuity rather than divinely prescribed.
• From 1618 to 1648 was the 30 year war between Catholics and Protestants.

John Locke

Economic-

• The growing desire in Europe for grain, sugar, meat, and fish meant that Europe needed more land.
• Colonies were set up in the Americas for sugar production and for other needed products,
• Dutch East India company focused on the Islands of Indonesia and the English on India.
• Dutch controlled production of cloves, cinnamon, nutmeg and mace.
• The Dutch killed many people and used force to conquer Islands.
• Between 1624 and 1662 the Dutch East India company established itself in Taiwan, hoping to produce deerskin, rice, and sugar.
• In the 17th century the British East India company established 3 major trading centers: Bombay, Calcutta, and Madras.
• The British did not use force to conquer as the Dutch did. They operated by paying the Mughal Empire.
• Both the British and the Dutch depended on trading with Asia.
• The Silver Trade gave way to a global commerce, and the Philippines provided a critical link to this commerce.
• Furs from the Americas were also greatly needed in Europe when temperatures greatly dropped during winter, so therefore Europeans paid a lot for them.
• Europe also participated in the slave trade for their american colonies.

British East India company symbol

Dutch East India Company symbol

Religion-

• Protestant reformation began at this time.
• It began in 1517, German priest Martin Luther wrote the Ninety-Five thesis with complaints about the catholic church and allegedly nailed it to a food of a church in Wittenberg.
• Luther claimed to have a new understanding of salvation.
• His ideas provoked tensions within the Catholic Christendom.
• Differences between Protestants and Catholics included religious authority, the role of the Pope, ordination of clergy, salvation, status of Mary, prayer, holy communion, tole of clergy, and the saints.

Martin Luther

The Ninety-Five thesis being nailed to a church door.

Society-

• Begining of the Early Modern Era was when the plague ended.
• Reformation teachings did not give women a greater role in society or the church.
• Women began to receive more education but not an increase in opportunities.
• Societies and countries were split between religious differences.

Protestant teachings encouraged learning this the bible was to be read individually, but woman did not receive much education outside of the home.

Inovations,Intellectuals,Inventions-

• The Scientific Revolution began in Europe during this era.
• By 1215 many Universities such as the ones in Paris, Bologna, Oxford, Cambridge, and became places were scholars could study without dictates from the church or state, so scholars began to investigate into more scientific ideas.
• Europeans also drew from many other scholars such as from China and India.
• Some great thinkers of the scientific revolution include Nicolaus Copernicus, Andreas Versalius, Francis Bacon, Galileo Galilei, Johannes Kepler, William Harvey, Rene Descartes, and Isaac Newton.
• Mapmaking was greatly improved and better navigation and sailing techniques and ship designs were invented.

some of the intellectuals of this time

Galileo greatly improved the telescope.

Arts/Architecture-

• The Renaissance occurred in Italy.
• It emphasized realism, and turned away from religious theology.
• Paintings represented anthropocentric, realism, and classical techniques.
• Leonardo Da Vinci and Michelangelo were artists of this time.

The Mona Lisa was painted by Leonardo Da Vinci. (1503-1517)

Michelangelo's David was created from 1501-1504.

Near Geography-

• Both the scientific revolution and protestant reformation began in western Europe during the Early Modern Era and from there it spread to many other parts of the world, for example South and East Asia experienced the entry of catholicism and the innovations from the scientific revolution.

Europe in 1519

Europe in 1700

http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/roru/hd_roru.htm
http://www.pbs.org/empires/thegreeks/background/24c.html
www.bachelorsdegreeonline.com
http://www.usu.edu/markdamen/clasdram/chapters/081earlygkcom.htm

Carla Viesca

Russia and Eastern Europe
Political-

• Known as the “Third Rome” after the Roman and Byzantine Empires
• Earned title mainly because they continued the Orthodox Church (Byzantine) and had the potential to expand greatly like past two empires
• Tsarist autocracy; absolute monarchy
• Boyars were the nobles
• Ivan the Great: :freed much of Russia from Mongol control by 1462, he utilized a blend of nationalism and led Russia to become a large independent state, organized a strong army which gave government a long lasting military emphasis
• Ivan the Terrible: succeeded Ivan the Great (III),continued policy of expan, he increased the power of the tsar by killing off many of the nobles, although he was terrible, he did establish contacts with Western European commerce and culture
• The Time of Troubles followed the death of Ivan the Terrible (IV) because he had no heir; boyars attempted to gain back some of their power but were unsuccessful
• Michael Romanov was selected as tsar in 1613 which ended the Time of Troubles and began the long-lasting Romanov Dynasty not ending until 1917
• Peter the Great: ruled from 1689-1725 increased power of the state through recruitment of bureaucrats from outside of aristocracy, he began the process of selective westernization, he formed Western-type military force. Revolts were brutally suppressed, they formed secret police, they moved capital to St. Petersburg; they modeled after Venice and Versailles, and his reforms influenced politics, economics cultural change ,created first Russian navy
• law codes systemized and tax systems reformed to increase the burden on peasantry,nobles had to shave their beards and dress in Western style instead of former Mongol influence,his changes were mostly affecting the elite
• Catherine the Great: ruled from 1762-1796 she extended central government authority; she continued Westernization, she brought Enlightenment ideas to Russia; stopped once French Rev began she patronized Western art and architecture. After the French Revolution, she banned foreign and domestic political writings. Under her rule, Russia gained Crimea (warm water port) Alaska, and parts of Poland she also pushed colonization in Siberia.

Economic-

• The Mongols caused Russia to “miss out” on the Commercial Revolution, Renaissance and later changes in Europe Russia’s economy was backwards compared to the West
• There were few large cities
• 95% rural agriculturally based
• Most trade was handled by Westerners
• No strong commercial class/middle class
• Peter the Great did attempt change by introducing mining and metallurgy; also encouraged shipbuilding
• Peter the Great’s reforms increased trade but nobility manages to prevent the rise of a strong middle class

Religion-

• Mainly Russian Orthodox
• Because Russia was a multinational empire, there were other religions also such as Judaism, Islam, Roman Catholicism and Protestant

Social-

• Largest multinational empire
• Heterogeneous many ethnic groups
• As land increased because of expansionism, serfdom increased also
• Little social change
• Tsar was at the top with the most power
• The small class of boyars and clergy were below the tsar
• Landlords controlled the peasants
• Small merchant class
• Large peasant/serf class
• Peasants and serfs labored on large estates to produce grain for sale to the West, they had some rights but village governments regulated many aspects of life
• Most peasants were poor and illiterate and paid high taxes
• Peasants preformed extensive labor services in agriculture, mining, and manufacturing
• There was not much social mobility
• Women were subordinate to men
• The status of noble women improved under Peter the Great
• Peasant unrest peasants remained loyal to the tsar but blamed landlords for the harshness of their lives
• Periodic rebellions including were suppressed and peasant discontent remained a problem
• The condition of the peasants/serfs deteriorated throughout the time period; as western Europe improves

Intellectual-

• Russia missed the Renaissance because the Mongols cut them off from Western influences
• Mongols were known to have spread culture; Byzantine influences preserved
• Literacy declined
• Peter the Great and Catherine the Great made many Western-style reforms unfortunately before the Industrial revolution

Arts-

• Mongols stifled art development
• There were few artisans because most manufacturing was rural-based
• Greatly influenced by Byzantine art (Greco-Roman) under Catherine the Great entered through Dniper trade
• The tsars imported Italian artists and craftsmen to design church buildings and the magnificent royal palace in the Kremlin in Moscow and St. Petersburg at the Baltic Sea

Near Geographic-

• Acquired land back from Mongols in mid 1400s
• Early tsars pushed southward to the Caspian Sea and eastward past the Ural mountains- Third Rome Mentality
• All tsars were expansionists
• Under Peter the Great, territory extended all the way from Black Sea to Bering Sea and down into China
• Catherine the Great sends explorers to Alaska, coast of California and even Hawaii
• Large, vast area of land with a generous supply of natural resources

http://www.aasd.k12.wi.us/staff/hermansenjoel/APMUSEUM/Hovde_Roche/1500.htm
http://www.timetoast.com/timelines/russia-1500s-1900s
http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/plaintexthistories.asp?historyid=ac14
Ways of the World- Strayer
Veronica Bailey